參考文獻

關於羅馬皇帝的參考資料浩如煙海，下麵謹列出一些可能會為深度閱讀提供基礎的英語文獻。

綜合與參考

Cancik, Hubert, Helmuth Schneider, Christine F. Salazar, and David E. Orton, eds. Brill's New Pauly: Encyclopaedia of the Ancient World. English ed. Leiden, Ned.: Brill, 2002.

Hornblower, Simon, Anthony Spawforth, and Esther Eidinow. The Oxford Classical Dictionary. 4th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.

OCRE“Online Coins of the Roman Empire” http://numismatics.org/ocre/. “Orbis, The Stanford Geospatial Network of the Ancient World” http://orbis.stanford.edu.

Talbert, Richard J. A., ed. The Barrington Atlas of the Ancient Greco-Roman World. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000.

古代文獻

許多古代文獻的原文和英譯本都可以從網上獲得，這裏介紹幾個很好的網站：Lacus Curtius: Into the Roman World, http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/home.html; Perseus DigitalLibrary, www.perseus.tufts.edu; and Livius.org,

Articles on Ancient History, www.livius.org。最後一個網站既提供古代文獻，也載有科普文章。

本書提及的古代文獻多數都可以從洛布古典圖書(哈佛大學出版社)獲得雙語對照版。以下是一些重要文獻的其他英譯本：

Birley, Anthony. Lives of the Later Caesars: The First Part of the Augustan History, with Newly Compiled Lives of Nerva and Trajan. Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books, 1976.

Cocceianus, Cassius Dio. The Roman History: the Reign of Augustus. Translated byIan Scott-Kilvert. Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books, 1987.

Josephus. The Jewish War. Edited by Martin Goodman. Translated by Martin Hammond. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.

Marcus Aurelius. Meditations. Translated by and with a foreword by Gregory Hays. Modern Library ed. New York: Modern Library, 2002.

Pliny the Younger. Complete Letters. Translated by P. G. Walsh. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.

Suetonius. Lives of the Caesars. Translated by Catherine Edwards. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.

Tacitus. The Annals. Translated by A. J. Woodman. Indianapolis: Hackett, 2004.——. The Histories. Rev. ed. Edited by Rhiannon Ash. Translated by Kenneth Wellesley. London: Penguin Classics, 2009.

羅馬帝國

Beard, Mary. SPQR: A History of Ancient Rome. New York: Liveright, 2015.

Bowman, Alan K. et al. The Cambridge Ancient History, 2nd ed., vol. 10: The Augustan Empire, 43 B.C.–A. D. 69; vol. 11: The High Empire, A.D. 70–192; vol. 12: The Crisis of Empire, A. D. 193–337. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996–2005.

Gibbon, Edward. The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. 3 vols. Edited by David Womersley. Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin, 1994.——, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Abbr. ed. Edited by David Womersley. Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin, 2001.

Harris, William V. Roman Power: A Thousand Years of Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016.

Potter, D. S. Ancient Rome: A New History, with 200 Illustrations, 149 in Color. 2nd ed. New York: Thames & Hudson, 2014.

Scheidel, Walter, ed. State Power in Ancient China and Rome. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015.

Woolf, Greg. Rome: An Empire's Story. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.

羅馬皇帝

介紹與參考

Barrett, Anthony, ed. Lives of the Caesars. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2008.

“De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers andtheir Families,” www.roman-emperors.org/impindex.htm.

Grant, Michael. The Roman Emperors: A Biographical Guide to the Rulers of Imperial Rome, 31 BC-AD 476. New York: Scribner, 1985.

Meijer, Fik. Emperors Don't Die in Bed. Translated by S. J. Leinbach. London:Routledge, 2004.

Potter, David. The Emperors of Rome: The Story of Imperial Rome from Julius Caesar to the Last Emperor. London: Quercus Publishing, 2016.

Scarre, Chris. Chronicle of the Roman Emperors: The Reign-by-Reign Record of the Rulers of Imperial Rome. New York: Thames & Hudson, 1995.

Sommer, Michael. The Complete Roman Emperor: Imperial Life at Court and on Campaign. New York: Thames & Hudson, 2010.

王朝與時代

Ando, Clifford. Imperial Rome AD 193 to 284: The Critical Century. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2012.

Brown, Peter. The World of Late Antiquity: From Marcus Aurelius to Muhammad. London: Thames & Hudson, 1971.

Holland, Tom. Dynasty: The Rise and Fall of the House of Caesar. 1st US ed. New York: Doubleday, 2015.

Mitchell, Stephen. A History of the Later Roman Empire, AD 284-641. 2nd ed. Chichester, UK: Wiley Blackwell, 2015.

Potter, David. The Roman Empire at Bay, AD 180-395. 2nd ed. Abingdon, UK: Routledge, 2014.

皇帝作為

Ando, Clifford. Imperial Ideology and Provincial Loyalty in the Roman Empire. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000.

Campbell, Brian. The Emperor and the Roman Army, 31 BC-AD 235. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984.

Hekster, Oliver. Emperors and Ancestors: Roman Rulers and the Constraints of Tradition. Oxford Studies in Ancient Culture & Representation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015.

Lendon, J. E. Empire of Honour: The Art of Government in the Roman World. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997.

Millar, Fergus. The Emperor in the Roman World, 31 BC-AD 337. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1977.

Nore?a, Carlos. Imperial Ideals in the Roman West: Representation, Circulation, Power. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

Saller, Richard. Personal Patronage Under the Early Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982.

皇室女性

D'Ambra, Eve. Roman Women. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

De la Bédoyère, Guy. Domina: The Women Who Made Imperial Rome. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2018.

Freisenbruch, Annelise. Caesars' Wives: Sex, Power, and Politics in the Roman Empire. New York: Free Press, 2010.

Hemelrijk, Emily Ann, and Greg Woolf. Women and the Roman City in the Latin West. Leiden, Ned.: Brill, 2013.

Kleiner, Diana E., and Susan B. Matheson, eds. I Claudia: Women in Ancient Rome. New Haven, CT: Yale University Art Gallery, 1996.——. I, Claudia II: Women in Roman Art and Society. Austin: University ofTexas Press, 2000.

羅馬帝國的社會、經濟、軍事、文化

Beard, Mary, John North, and S. R. F Price. Religions of Rome. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Campbell, J. B. The Roman Army, 31 BC–AD 337: A Sourcebook. London: Routledge, 1994.

Claridge, Amanda, Judith Toms, and Tony Cubberley. Rome: An Oxford Archaeological Guide. 2nd ed., rev. and expanded. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.

Dench, Emma. Romulus's Asylum: Roman Identities from the Age of Alexander to the Age of Hadrian. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.

Flower, Harriet. The Art of Forgetting: Disgrace & Oblivion in Roman Political Culture. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006.

Goldsworthy, Adrian. The Complete Roman Army. New York: Thames & Hudson, 2003.

Harl, Kenneth W. Coinage in the Roman Economy, 300 B. C. to A.D. 700. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.

Luttwak, Edward. The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire: From the First Century CE to the Third. Rev. and updated ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2016.

MacDonald, William L. The Architecture of the Roman Empire. Rev. ed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1982.

Mattern, Susan. Rome and the Enemy: Imperial Strategy in the Principate. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999.

Peachin, Michael, ed. The Oxford Handbook of Social Relations in the Roman World. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.

Ramage, Nancy H. and Andrew Ramage. Roman Art. 6th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson, 2014.

Rebillard, éric. Christians and Their Many Identities in Late Antiquity, North Africa, 200-450 CE. Ithaca NY: Cornell University Press, 2012.

Rüpke, J?rg. Pantheon: A New History of Roman Religion. Translated by David Richardson. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2018.

Scheidel, Walter, Ian Morris, and Richard P. Saller, eds. The Cambridge Economic History of the Greco-Roman World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

Sherwin-White. A. N. The Roman Citizenship. 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1973.

Temin, Peter. The Roman Market Economy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2013.

奧古斯都

古代文獻

Cooley, Alison. Res Gestae Divi Augusti: Text, Translation, and Commentary.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

Nicolaus. The Life of Augustus and the Autobiography. Edited by Mark Toher.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016.

Wardle, D. Suetonius: Life of Augustus = Vita Divi Augusti. 1st ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.

傳記

Everitt, Anthony. Augustus: The Life of Rome's First Emperor. New York: Random House, 2006.

Galinsky, Karl. Augustus: Introduction to the Life of an Emperor. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

Goldsworthy, Adrian. Augustus, First Emperor of Rome. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2014.

Southern, Patricia. Augustus. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2014.

專題研究

Angelova, Diliana. Sacred Founders: Women, Men, and Gods in the Discourse of Imperial Founding, Rome Through Early Byzantium. Oakland: University of California Press, 2015.

Barrett, Anthony. Livia: First Lady of Imperial Rome. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2002.

Bartman, Elizabeth. Portraits of Livia: Imaging the Imperial Woman in Augustan Rome. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Everitt, Anthony. Cicero: the Life and Times of Rome's Greatest Politician. 1st US ed. New York: Random House, 2002.

Fantham, Elaine. Julia Augusti: The Emperor's Daughter. London: Routledge, 2006.

Galinsky, Karl. Augustan Culture: An Interpretive Introduction. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996.

Goldsworthy, Adrian. Antony and Cleopatra. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2010.

Milnor, Kristina. Gender, Domesticity, and the Age of Augustus: Inventing Private Life. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.

Osgood, Josiah. Caesar's Legacy: Civil War and the Emergence of the Roman Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.

Powell, Lindsay. Marcus Agrippa: Right-Hand Man of Caesar Augustus. Barnsley, UK: Pen & Sword Books, 2015.

Severy, Beth. Augustus and the Family at the Birth of the Roman Empire. New York: Routledge, 2003.

Strauss, Barry. The Death of Caesar: The Story of History's Most Famous Assassination. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2015.

Syme, Sir Ronald. The Roman Revolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1939.

Welch, Kathryn. Magnus Pompeius: Sextus Pompeius and the Transformation of the Roman Republic. Swansea, UK: Classical Press of Wales, 2012.

Zanker, Paul. The Power of Images in the Age of Augustus. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1988.

提比略

古代文獻

London Association of Classical Teachers. Tiberius to Nero. Edited by M. G. L. Cooley and Alison Cooley. London: LACTORs, 2011.

傳記

Levick, Barbara. Tiberius the Politician. Rev. ed. London: Routledge, 1999.

Seager, Robin. Tiberius. 2nd ed. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2005.

Winterling, Aloys. Caligula. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2011.

專題研究

De la Bédoyère, Guy. Praetorian: The Rise and Fall of Rome's Imperial Bodyguard. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2017.

Kokkinos, Nikos. Antonia Augusta: Portrait of a Great Roman Lady. London: Libri, 2002.

MacMullen, Ramsay. Enemies of the Roman Order: Treason, Unrest and Alienationin the Empire. London: Routledge, 1992.

Wilkinson, Sam. Republicanism During the Early Roman Empire. London: Continuum, 2012.

尼祿

古代文獻

Barrett, Anthony A., Elaine Fantham, and John C. Yardley, eds. The Emperor Nero: A Guide to the Ancient Sources. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2016.

Smallwood, E. Mary. Documents Illustrating the Principates of Gaius,Claudius and Nero. London: Cambridge University Press, 1967.

傳記

Champlin, Edward. Nero. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2003.

Griffin, Miriam T. Nero: The End of a Dynasty. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1985.

Malitz, Jürgen. Nero. Translated by Allison Brown. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2005.

專題研究

Ball, Larry F. The Domus Aurea and the Roman Architectural Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

Barrett, Anthony. Agrippina: Sex, Power, and Politics in the Early Empire. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1996.

Bartsch, Shadi, Kirk Freudenburg, and C. A. J. Littlewood, eds. The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Nero. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017.

Donovan Ginsberg, Lauren. Staging Memory, Staging Strife: Empire and Civil War in the Octavia. New York: Oxford University Press, 2017.

Ginsburg, Judith. Representing Agrippina: Constructions of Female Power in the Early Roman Empire. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.

Lancaster, Lynne C. Concrete Vaulted Construction in Imperial Rome. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.

Romm, James. Dying Every Day: Seneca at the Court of Nero. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2014.

Rudich, Vasily. Political Dissidence Under Nero: The Price of Dissimulation. London: Routledge, 1993.

Wallace-Hadrill, Andrew. “Civilis Princeps: Between Citizen and King,”Journal of Roman Studies 72 (1982): 32—48.

Wilson, Emily. The Greatest Empire: A Life of Seneca. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014.

韋斯巴薌

古代文獻

Suetonius. Vespasian. Edited by Brian W. Jones. London: Bristol Classical Press, 2000.

傳記

Levick, Barbara. Vespasian. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2017.

專題研究

Goodman, Martin. Rome and Jerusalem: The Clash of Ancient Civilizations. London: Allen Lane, 2007.

Hopkins, Keith, and Mary Beard. The Colosseum. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2005.

Morgan, Gwyn. 69 A.D.: The Year of the Four Emperors. Oxford: Oxford UniversityPress, 2007.

圖拉真

古代文獻

Smallwood, Mary E. Documents Illustrating the Principates of Nerva, Trajan and Hadrian. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1966.

傳記

Bennett, Julian. Trajan, Optimus Princeps: A Life and Times. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997.

Everitt, Anthony. Hadrian and the Triumph of Rome. New York: Random House, 2009.

Grainger, John D. Nerva and the Succession Crisis of AD 96-99. London: Routledge, 2003.

Southern, Pat. Domitian, Tragic Tyrant. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997.

專題研究

Keltanen, M. “The Public Image of the Four Empresses: Ideal Wives, Mothersand Regents?,” in P?ivi Set?l?. Women, Wealth and Power in the Roman Empire (Rome: Institutum romanum Finlandiae, 2002), 105–46.

Lepper, Frank A. Trajan's Parthian War. London: Oxford University Press, 1948.

Packer, James E. The Forum of Trajan in Rome: A Study of the Monuments in Brief. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001.

Set?l?, P?ivi. “Women and Brick Production—Some New Aspects,” in Women, Wealth and Power, 181–202.

哈德良

古代文獻

Benario, Herbert W. A Commentary on the Vita Hadriani in the Historia Augusta. Chico, CA: Scholars Press, 1980.

Smallwood, Mary E. Documents Illustrating Principates of Nerva, Trajan and Hadrian.

Speidel, Michael. Emperor Hadrian's Speeches to the African Army: A New Text. Mainz, Ger.: Verlag des R?misch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums, 2006.

傳記

Birley, Anthony. Hadrian: The Restless Emperor. London: Routledge, 1997.

Everitt, Anthony. Hadrian and the Triumph of Rome.

專題研究

Boatwright, Mary Taliaferro. Hadrian and the Cities of the Roman Empire. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2002.

Goldsworthy, Adrian. Hadrian's Wall. New York: Basic Books, 2018.

Horbury, William. Jewish War Under Trajan and Hadrian. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014.

Keltanen. “Public Image of the Four Empresses,” 117–25.

Lambert, Royston. Beloved and God: The Story of Hadrian and Antinous. 1st US ed. New York: Viking, 1984.

MacDonald, William L. The Architecture of the Roman Empire. Rev. ed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1982.

——. Hadrian's Villa and Its Legacy. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1995.

Speller, Elizabeth. Following Hadrian: A Second Century Journey Through the Roman Empire. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.

馬可·奧勒留

文獻

Marcus Aurelius in Love. Edited by Marcus Aurelius, Marcus Cornelius Fronto, and Amy Richlin. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006.

傳記

Birley, Anthony. Marcus Aurelius: A Biography. London: B. T. Batsford, 1993.

Hekster, Oliver. Commodus: An Emperor at the Crossroads. Amsterdam: J. C. Gieben, 2002.

McLynn, Frank. Marcus Aurelius: A Life. 1st Da Capo Press Ed. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2009.

專題研究

Harper, Kyle. The Fate of Rome: Climate, Disease and the End of an Empire. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2017, 64–118.

Keltanen, “Public Image of the Four Empresses,”125–141.

Levick, Barbara. Faustina I and II: Imperial Women of the Golden Age. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014.

塞普蒂米烏斯·塞維魯

古代文獻

Sidebottom, Harry. “Severan Historiography: Evidence, Patterns, and Arguments,” in Swain, Simon, S. J. Harrison, and Ja?. Elsner, eds. Severan Culture.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007, 52–82.

傳記

Arrizabalaga y Prado, Leonardo de. The Emperor Elagabalus: Fact or Fiction? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

Birley, Anthony. Septimius Severus, the African Emperor. Rev. ed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1989.

專題研究

Levick, Barbara. Julia Domna, Syrian Empress. London: Routledge, 2007.

Swain, Harrison, and Elsner, eds. Severan Culture.

戴克裏先

文獻

Aurelius Victor: De Caesaribus. Translated by H. W. Bird. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1994.

Bowen, Anthony, ed., trans. Lactantius: Divine Institutes. Translated Texts for Historians. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2003.

Corcoran, Simon. The Empire of the Tetrarchs: Imperial Pronouncements and Government, AD 284-324. Rev. ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2000.

Eutropius: Breviarium. Translated by H. W. Bird. Liverpool: Liverpool UniversityPress, 1993.

Nixon, C. E. V, and Barbara Saylor Rodgers. In Praise of Later Roman Emperors: The Panegyrici Latini: Introduction, Translation, and Historical Commentary,with the Latin Text of R. A. B. Mynors. Berkeley: University of CaliforniaPress, 1994.

Rees, Roger. Diocletian and the Tetrarchy. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2004.

傳記

Leadbetter, Bill. Galerius and the Will of Diocletian. London: Routledge, 2009.

Rees. Diocletian and the Tetrarchy.

Williams, Stephen. Diocletian and the Roman Recovery. New York: Routledge, 1997.

專題研究

Barnes, Timothy David. The New Empire of Diocletian and Constantine. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982.

Jeli?i?-Radoni?, Jasna. “Aurelia Prisca,” Contributions to Art History in Dalmatia, vol. 41. No. 1 (August, 2008): 5–25 (English summary, 23–25).

Wilkes, J. J. Diocletian's Palace of Split: Residence of a Retired Roman Emperor. Oxford:Oxbow Books, 1993.

君士坦丁

文獻

Bleckmann, Bruno. “Sources for the History of Constantine.” In Lenski, NoelEmmanuel, ed. The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Constantine. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006, 14–32.

Eusebius, Averil Cameron, and Stuart George Hall. Life of Constantine. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1999.

Nixon and Rodgers. In Praise of Later Roman Emperors: The Panegyrici Latini.

傳記

Barnes, Timothy David. Constantine: Dynasty, Religion and Power in the Later Roman Empire. Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011.

Potter, D. S. Constantine the Emperor. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.

Van Dam, Raymond. The Roman Revolution of Constantine. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

專題研究

Barnes. New Empire of Diocletian and Constantine.

Hughes, Bettany. Istanbul: A Tale of Three Cities. Boston: Da Capo Press, 2017.

Lenski, ed. Cambridge Companion to the Age of Constantine.

Nixey, Catherine. The Darkening Age: The Christian Destruction of the Classical World. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2018.

拉文納的幽靈

文獻

Mathisen, Ralph W. “Romulus Augustulus (475–476 A.D.)—Two Views.” “DeImperatoribus Romanis,”www.roman-emperors-org/auggiero.htm.

傳記

Kos, Marjeta ?a?el. “The Family of Romulus Augustulus.” In Ingomar Weilerand Peter Mauritsch. Antike Lebenswelten: Konstanz, Wandel, Wirkungsmacht: Festschrift Für Ingomar Weiler Zum 70. Geburtstag. Wiesbaden, Ger.: HarrassowitzVerlag, 2008, 446–49.

Moorhead, John. Justinian. London: Longman, 1994.

Potter, David. Theodora: Actress, Empress, Saint. New York: Oxford UniversityPress, 2015.

專題研究

Bowersock, Glen W. “The Vanishing Paradigm of the Fall of Rome.” Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 49. No. 8 (May, 1996): 29–43.

Goldsworthy, Adrian. How Rome Fell: Death of a Superpower. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2009.

Heather, Peter. The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.Traina, Giusto. 428 AD: an Ordinary Year at the End of the Roman Empire.

Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009.Ward-Perkins, Bryan. The Fall of Rome and the End of Civilization. Oxford:

Oxford University Press, 2005.