進一步閱讀書目

第一章　非洲概念

哲學家而不是曆史學家是研究非洲概念的先驅，參見V. Y. Mudimbe, The Invention of Africa: Gnosis, Philosophy, and the Order of Knowledge (Bloomington, 1988)和The Idea of Africa (Bloomington, 1994)，以及Kwame Anthony Appiah, In My Father’s House: Africa and the Philosophy of Culture (New York, 1992)；比較見解參見Ronald B. Inden, Imagining India (Oxford, 1990)和Chris Wickham, Framing the Early Middle Ages: Europe and the Mediterranean, 400-800 (Oxford, 2005)；地理視角參見Martin W. Lewis和K?ren E. Wigen的The Myth of Continents: A Critique of Metageography (Berkeley, 1997)，這本著作發人深省。關於非洲曆史最好的一卷書是John Iliffe的Africans: The History of a Continent (Cambridge, 1995)；James C. McCann, Green Land, Brown Land的Black Land: An Environmental History of Africa, 1800-1990 (Portsmouth, NH, 1999)是一本很好的導論書籍。Roderick J. McIntosh的The Peoples of the Middle Niger: The Island of Gold (Oxford, 1998)是一部傑出的曆史考古學著作。關於更廣泛背景的書籍參見Graham Connah的African Civilizations. Precolonial Cities and States: An Archaeological Perspective (2nd edn, Cambridge, 2001), David W. Phillipson的African Archaeology (3rd edn, Cambridge, 2005)，以及David M. Anderson和Richard Rathbone (eds)的Africa’s Urban Past (Oxford, 2000)；關於《鬆迪亞塔》，參見Ralph Austen (ed.) In Search of Sunjata: The Mande Epic as History, Literature, and Performance (Bloomington, 1999)。

第二章　非洲人：多樣性和統一性

關於介紹非洲人口的曆史參見James L. Newman, The Peopling of Africa: A Geographic Interpretation(New Haven, 1995)；關於介紹非洲語言的書籍參見B. Heine and D. Nurse (eds), African Languages: An Introduction (Cambridge, 2000)；關於北非的書籍Michael Brett和Elizabeth Fentress的The Berbers (Oxford, 1996)非常不錯；關於混合沿海社區的書籍，參見John Middleton, The World of the Swahili: An African Mercantile Civilization (New Haven, 1992)和George Brooks, Eurafricans in Western Africa (Athens, Ohio, 2003)；對非洲中心主義的有力批判參見Stephen Howe, Afrocentrism: Mythical Pasts and Imagined Homes (London, 1998)；關於南非的身份和曆史想象參見Carolyn Hamilton, Terrific Majesty: The Powers of Shaka Zulu and the Limits of Historical Invention (Cambridge, Mass., 1998)和T. Dunbar Moodie, The Rise of Afrikanerdom: Power, Apartheid and Afrikaner Civil Religion (Berkeley, 1975)；關於約魯巴參見Toyin Falola (ed.), Yoruba Historiography (Madison, 1991)和L. J. Matory,‘The English Professors of Brazil: On the Diasporic Roots of the Yoruba Nation’, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 41 (1999)；關於殖民前的盧旺達參見Jan Vansina, Antecedents to Modern Rwanda: The Nyiginya Kingdom (Oxford, 2004)；關於20世紀，參見Mahmood Mamdani, When Victims Become Killers: Colonialism, Nativism, and the Genocide in Rwanda (Princeton, 2001)；非洲流行音樂的曆史還有待書寫，但地區性的流行音樂史研究參見G. Stewart, Rumba on the River: A History of the Popular Music of the Two Congos (London, 2000)。

第三章　非洲過往：曆史之源

有關非洲曆史上的證據和方法問題的有用介紹，請參閱文章John Edward Philips (ed.), Writing African History (Rochester, 2005)；正在進行的發展參見期刊History in Africa；T adesse T amrat, Church and State in Ethiopia, 1270-1527 (Oxford, 1972)是一本利用埃塞俄比亞地區豐富的文獻資源對中世紀埃塞俄比亞的經典記述；撒哈拉沙漠以南的重要阿拉伯曆史資料中，N. Levtzion和J. F. P. Hopkins (eds)的Corpus of Early Arabic Sources for West African History (Cambridge, 1981)以及John O. Hunwick的Timbuktu and the Songhay Empire: Al-Sa ‘d?’s Ta’ r?kh al-S?d?n down to 1613 (Leiden, 1999)非常不錯；Paulo F. de Moraes Farias, Arabic Medieval Inscriptions from the Republic of Mali: Epigraphy, Chronicles, and SonghayTuareg History (Oxford, 2003)也不錯；關於口頭敘述的書籍參見Isabel Hofmeyr, ‘We Spend Our Years as a Tale That is Told’: Oral Historical Narrative in a South African Chiefdom (Portsmouth, NH, 1994)；Sally Falk Moore, Anthropology and Africa: Changing Perspectives on a Changing Scene (Charlottesville, 1994)是一本有用的指南；藝術史的可能性參見兩本著作，即Paula Girshick Ben-Amos, Art, Innovation, and Politics in Eighteenth-Century Benin (Bloomington, 1999)和Mary Nooter Roberts and Allen F. Roberts (eds), Memory: Luba Art and the Making of History (New York, 1996)；關於曆史資料的照片，包括本書中使用的一些圖片的評論參見African Arts, Special Issue: Historical Photographs of Africa, 24, 4 (1991)，關於文獻參見Margaret Jean Hay (ed.), African Novels in the Classroom (Boulder, 2000)。

第四章　世界上的非洲

關於在世界曆史上定位非洲的書籍參見Steven Feierman, ‘AfricanHistories and the Dissolution of World History’, in Robert H. Bates, V. Y. Mudimbe, and Jean O’Barr (eds), Africa and the Disciplines (Chicago, 1993)；關於剛果的宗教史參見Wyatt MacGaffey, Modern Kongo Prophets (Bloomington, 1983)；關於更廣泛背景的書籍參見Adrian Hastings, The Church in Africa, 1450-1950 (Oxford, 1994)；對伊斯蘭教最好的介紹是David Robinson’s Muslim Societies in African History (Cambridge, 2004)，也可參考Nehemia Levtzion and Randal Pouwels (eds), The History of Islam in Africa (Athens, Ohio, 2000)；關於奴隸製和奴隸貿易的巨著參見Joseph C. Miller, Way of Death: Merchant Capitalism and the Angolan Slave Trade, 1730-1830 (Madison, 1988)；Paul E. Lovejoy, Transformations in Slavery: A History of Slavery in Africa (2nd edn, Cambridge, 2000)；Boubacar Barry, Senegambia and the Atlantic Slave Trade (Cambridge, 1998)。David Eltis, Stephen D. Behrendt, David Richardson, and Herbert S. Klein, The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade: A Database on CD-ROM (Cambridge, 1999)是一項卓越的成就；關於尼日利亞內陸地區項目參見www.yorku.ca/nhp. Michael A. Gomez, Reversing Sail: A History of the African Diaspora (Cambridge, 2005)是一本很好的導論式書籍；最近的許多研究可以在Slavery and Abolition期刊上找到，尤其是Vol. 22, 1 (2001), special issue on ‘Rethinking the AfricanDiaspora’ edited by Kristin Mann and Edna G. Bay；關於馬達加斯加的書籍參見Pier M. Larson, History and Memory in the Age of Enslavement: Becoming Merina in Highland Madagascar 1770-1822 (Portsmouth, NH, 2000)。

第五章　非洲的殖民主義

從非洲視角對征服的最好詮釋是John Lonsdale, ‘The European Scramble and Conquest in African History’, in Cambridge History of Africa Vol. 6 (Cambridge, 1985)；更多傳統敘述參見Thomas Pakenham, The Scramble for Africa (London, 1991)；Jonathan Glassman, Feasts and Riot: Revelry, Rebellion and Popular Consciousness on the Swahili Coast, 1856-1888 (Portsmouth, NH, 1995)考察了德國征服坦桑尼亞海岸的局部腹部；關於殖民統治的影響參見John Iliffe, A Modern History of Tanganyika (Cambridge, 1979)，這是一本經典著作；關於女性經驗的專著可以從Jean Allman, Susan Geiger, and Nakanyike Musisi (eds), Women in Colonial African Histories (Bloomington, 2002)開始閱讀；關於20世紀鄉村社區如何談判的生動敘述參見Landeg White, Magomero: Portrait of an African Village (Cambridge, 1987)；其他關於殖民統治的專著參見T. C. McCaskie, Asante Identities: History and Modernity in an African Village, 1850-1950 (Edinburgh, 2000)；關於思想傳播的專著參見Andrew Roberts (ed.), The Colonial Moment in Africa: Essays on the Movement of Minds and Materials, 1900-1940 (Cambridge, 1990)；關於傳統發明與間接規則的專著參見T. O. Ranger, ‘The Invention of Tradition Revisited’, in T. O. Ranger and Olafemi Vaughan (eds), Legitimacy and the State in Twentieth-Century Africa (London, 1993), and Thomas Spear,‘Neo-Traditionalism and the Limits of Invention in British Colonial Africa’, Journal of African History, 44 (2003)。

第六章　想象未來，重建過去

關於戰爭對非洲的影響的專著參見David Killingray and Richard Rathbone (eds), Africa and the Second World War (London, 1986)；Frederick Cooper in his Africa since 1940: The Past of the Present (Cambridge, 2002)一書中對戰後時刻進行了深入的分析；J. D. Hargreaves, Decolonization in Africa (2nd edn, London, 1996)是一項有用的調查；關於加納非殖民化的文獻尤其發達：參見Jean Allman, The Quills of the Porcupine: Asante Nationalism in an Emergent Ghana (Madison, 1993)以及Richard Rathbone, Nkrumah and the Chiefs: The Politics of Chieftaincy in Ghana, 1951-1960 (Oxford, 1999)；關於茅茅起義的文獻也很豐富：John Lonsdale, ‘The Moral Economy of Mau Mau’, in Bruce Berman and John Lonsdale, Unhappy Valley: Conflict inKenya and Africa Vol. 2 (London, 1992), and David Anderson, Histories of the Hanged: Britain’s Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire (London, 2005)；Alistair Horne, A Savage War of Peace: Algeria, 1954-1962 (London, 1977)是一部經典著作；帝國末期的英國文獻是重要的資源，最近的係列文獻包括Philip Murphy, Central Africa, two volumes (London, 2005)；關於非洲曆史出現的文獻，從閱讀先驅們的回憶錄開始是不錯的選擇，包括Jan Vansina, Living with Africa (Madison, 1994)；關於泛非主義傳統的專著參見V. Y. Mudimbe (ed.), The Surreptitious Speech: Présence Africaine and the Politics of Otherness, 1947-1987 (Chicago, 1992)；以典型、犀利的評論來評價黑人性和非洲的後殖民困境的專著參見Wole Soyinka, The Burden of Memory, the Muse of Forgiveness (New York, 1999)。

第七章　記憶和遺忘，過往和現在

Stephen Ellis,‘Writing Histories of Contemporary Africa’, Journal of African History, 43 (2002)，調查和挑戰了近代史；關於記憶的專著參見Jocelyn Alexander, JoAnn McGregor, and Terence Ranger, Violence and Memory: One Hundred Years in the Dark Forests of Matabeleland (Oxford, 2000), Rosalind Shaw, Memories of the SlaveTrade: Ritual and the Historical Imagination in Sierra Leone (Chicago, 2002), Anne C. Bailey, African Voices of the Atlantic Slave Trade: Beyond the Silence and the Shame (Boston, 2005)和Sarah Nuttalland Carli Coetzee (eds), Negotiating the Past: The Making of Memory in South Africa (Cape Town, 1998)；關於蘇丹南部現在和過去暴力的專著參見Sharon E. Hutchinson, Nuer Dilemmas: Coping with Money, War, and the State (Berkeley, 1996)，這是一部曆史人類學傑出專著；此外，關於曆史是如何形成的，參見Karin Barber, I Could Speak Until Tomorrow: Oriki, Women, and the Past in a Yoruba Town (London, 1991)；在眾多的關於巫術的文獻中，參見Luise White, Speaking with Vampires: Rumor and History in Colonial Africa (Berkeley, 2000), and Jean Allman and John Parker, Tongnaab: The History of a West African God (Bloomington, 2005)；本書提出的許多問題的廣泛討論，參見Paul Tiyambe Zeleza, Manufacturing African Studies and Crises (Dakar, 1997)；最後，兩本關於世界上非洲人的過去和現在的專著參見Laurent Dubois, Avengers of the New World: The Story of the Haitian Revolution (Cambridge, Mass., 2004), and James Ferguson, Global Shadows: Africa in the Neoliberal World Order (Durham, NC, 2006)。